Kaffara, Qada, Fidya for not fasting in Ramadan

In case a Muslim leaves a fast during Ramadan or breaks it without a valid reason, its atonement is either Qada, Fidya, or Kaffara. Here are the details;

• 7 things that can break your fast.

Kaffarah for not fasting

Kaffara for 1 fast in Ramadan is to;

• free a slave, if he cannot do it;
• fast for 60 consecutive days, if he cannot do it;
• feed 60 poor people. 
• Sahih al-Bukhari 1937

A healthy person who can fast for 60 consecutive days is not allowed to pay Kaffara as per Hanafi school. 

When Kaffara is due?

If someone does not fast or break it due to any of the following reasons, he will have to atone for it with Kaffara;

• Eating or Drinking without a valid reason.
• Sexual intercourse during fasting.

Qada for not fasting

˹Fast a˺ prescribed number of days.¹ But whoever of you is ill or on a journey, then ˹let them fast˺ an equal number of days ˹after Ramaḍân˺. – Al-Baqarah 2:184

1. Eating or Drinking intentionally due to a valid reason such as sickness.
2. Menstruation or post-child bleeding.
3. Not fasting with or without a valid reason.
4. Ejaculation for reasons other than sexual intercourse.
5. Eating, drinking, or having intercourse after dawn on the mistaken assumption that it is not dawn yet.
6. Sexual Intercourse after dawn on the mistaken assumption that it is not dawn yet.
7. Sexual Intercourse before sunset on the mistaken assumption that it is already sunset.

Fidya for not fasting

If a person has missed or broken some fasts in Ramadan due to a valid reason and his age/health does not allow him to fast (qada), he can pay Fidya.

• Fidya is feeding one needy person for each day of missed Ramadan fast.

For those who can only fast with extreme difficulty, compensation can be made by feeding a needy person ˹for every day, not fasted˺. – Al-Baqarah 2:184